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Videophone
The names and descriptive terminology
See also: List of video telecommunications services and brands
trend modern, more recent units, such as Nortel IP 1535 model, have migrated away from POTS to ISDN and lower speed broadband services for VoIP
The name of standardized video is no longer as his earlier counterpart, the phone, resulting in a variety of names and terms used throughout the world and even within the same region or country. Videophones are also known as videophones (or video phones), and often one of the first brand "PicturePhone" which was the first commercial handset volume products in the world. "Phone" The compound name gradually came into general use since 1950, the input is probable, although "video phone" in the lexicon after the first 'video' was coined in 1935.
Videophone calls (Or "video call") differs from videoconferencing that are ready to serve individuals, not groups. However, this distinction is increasingly blurred with improvements technology such as increased bandwidth and sophisticated software that can help customers with several parties on a call. In general, the term conference all the days are often in place to make video calls from point to point between two units. Both video calls and video conferencing are commonly referred to as a "link video '.
The web cameras are popular, relatively inexpensive devices that can deliver live video and audio streams via PC personal, and can be used with the client software for many of the video calls.
A videoconferencing system is the higher overall cost of a videophone and a greater capacity to deploy. A videoconference (also known as videoteleconference) allows two or more locations to communicate via live video and simultaneous two-way audio transmissions. This is often accomplished by using a multipoint control unit (a centralized distribution system call) or ability similar non-centralized multipoint integrated into all video conferencing units. Once again, technological improvements have circumvented the traditional definition, allowing video conferencing with multiple users via web-based applications. A page in a separate article is dedicated to the videoconference.
A telepresence system Video conferencing is a high quality and service generally used by the company's corporate offices. telepresence rooms use room decor designs, cameras, screens, audio systems and processors, along with the bandwidth of high capacity transmission-to-very high.
Typical applications of the various technologies mentioned videocalling include video-based or one-on-one, one-to-many or many to many for personal, commercial, educational, rehabilitation of deaf relay Tele-tele-medicine, I diagnostic services. The new services using videocalling and video conferences, video prison staff and prisoners in prisons, and videoconferencing solve engineering problems maintenance facilities for airlines have been or are being developed continuously.
Other names for 'phone' that have been used in English are: Videophone (Equivalent to British Telecom AT & T PicturePhone) and videophone, a translation of the French city also suggested limited use of English, and less than twenty names and expressions. Latin translations based 'terminal' in other languages are vidophone (French) bildtelefon (German), Videophone (Italian), and is videphone videotelfono (Spanish), and is videofoon beeldtelefoon (Dutch), and videophones (Catalan).
As history
Fiction becoming a reality: an imaginary combination of early television and video phone, designed by George du Maurier, published in 1878. Note the use of tubes to mention contemporary is-by the father and daughter in the foreground on the video screen.
Just two years after the phone was patented in the United States, an initial concept of a composite video TV phone / widescreen Telephonoscope call was conceptualized in popular magazines of the time. E 'is also mentioned in science fiction, several early works such as Le shekel Vingtime: lectrique La Vie (The Century 20: Time of life) and other works written by Albert Robida, and has also been described in several cartoons of George du Maurier as a fictional invention Thomas Edison. A drawing published December 9, 1878 in the magazine Punch.
The term was also used Telectroscope in 1878 by French writer and publisher Louis Figuier, to spread an invention misunderstood as real and not properly attributed to Alexander Graham Bell. Written under the "electric" pen name, your article states that "an eminent scientist had invented a device in which the objects or people around the world "…. could be seen by anyone anywhere. "The device, including functions, allow traders to transmit images of their products to their customers, and content of museum collections available to scholars in distant cities. In the era before the advent of radio, electrical "see" the device is seen as additions to the phone, creating the concept of a videophone.
In April 1891, Alexander Graham Bell made in the notes to record data on a radio concept was discussed Electrical "…. the ability to see the power "devices used by tellurium or selenium image components. Bell was then predicted that" … The day will come when the man on the phone would be able to see the distant person was talking about. "
The compound name 'Videophone' slowly became general use since 1950, despite the likely entry video phone "in the lexicon after the first 'video' was coined in 1935. Before that, there seems no clauses "video phone" with the expressions' Visual Radio 'as a' system of watching TV sound ", and about 20 others (in English) is used to describe the marriage of the telegraph, telephone technologies, television and radio used in the experiments first.
A precursor of videoconferencing technology has been developed by the machine teleostereograph AT & T Bell Labs in 1920, which was a precursor of the current fax (fax) machines. In 1927, AT & T has set up its first mobile electro-mechanical devices operating at 18 frames per second and occupying a room full of equipment cabinets. A test in early 1927 the U.S. had the then Secretary of Commerce Herbert Hoover, in a public speech in New York from Washington, DC, although the two-way audio, the video was one way with the only New York can see Hoover.
First video public telephone network
world's first video phone service was developed by Dr. Georg Schubert and opened in 1936 by the German screen Reichspost square with 8 inch (20 cm), but soon closed because of World War II, 1940. [Citation needed] In this process service, video phone lines connected Berlin to Nuremberg, Monaco and Hamburg, with integrated terminals in public telephone booths and provide the same resolution as the TV series First German, 440 lines. [Citation needed] The service is offered to the general public was at the same time to see Special post videoconferencing booths offices in their respective cities, but also had political connotations similar to Nazi propaganda dissemination of the 1936 Olympics in Berlin.
'S postal service Deutsche Bundespost later develop and distribute their video phone network BIGFON 1981-1988, service in several major German cities.
AT & T PicturePhone
Three views of AT & T Advanced
Mod II PicturePhone, 1969
intended for office use or personal
AT & T PicturePhone (Mod. II) closed at its headquarters, with its control panel, after all,
right side view, cover removed, a printed circuit boards exposed
A view of the circuit exposed to new PicturePhone
In the U.S., AT & T conducted extensive research and development of terminals, which public demonstrations of their products and services PicturePhone mark in 1960, including the parties to the 1964 New York World's Fair. The demonstration unit oval container smaller than used in rotating media, the intention of staying at desks. AT & T units were also presented similar PicturePhone the Telephone Association Hall of Canada (the "Bell 'Pavilion) at Expo 67, an International World's Fair held in Montreal in Canada in 1967. Demonstration units have been available at these fairs for the public to test, with fairground can make video calls to volunteers addressed elsewhere.
United States not see their first video phones until 1964, when AT & T installed its first commercial handset, the PicturePhone Mod I, public payphones, in three cities: New York, Washington, DC and Chicago. PicturePhone booths were set up in New York's Grand Central Station and elsewhere. With great fanfare, settled PicturePhone even in the offices of Westinghouse in Pittsburgh, and other leading companies. However, the use of slot reservation and its initial cost of U.S. $ 16 for three minutes public call booths severely limited its appeal to the point where they have held since 1968.
difficulties are not related to New York Telephone also slowed AT & T, and few clients registered with the service in both cities. A CNN report on September 6, 2001 indicated that there was only one service PicturePhone total 500 subscribers at its peak, and the service of his death in 1970. [Citation needed] The original AT & T and its update PicturePhone Mod Programs Mod II, principal investigator its Bell Labs, through 15 years and consumed 500 million U.S. dollars at the end of the meeting with business failure. AT & T has concluded that your phone was primitive concept of a market search "and continued in service in late 1970 PicturePhone. Research and development carried out by Bell Labs have been very important to the beyond-the-state-of-the-art results produced in materials science, advanced telecommunications, microelectronics and technology information.
Color PicturePhone AT & T was not used with their first models. These units PicturePhone Plumbicon full of cameras and small CRT in slots. The cameras were located on the top screen to help users see eye to eye. See this section for more information on PicturePhone technology. Later, the screens were bigger in the generation of original demo units, approximately six square inches (15 cm) in a closet or less cubical.
AT & T then sell Videophone 2500 and the general public from 1992 to 1995, with prices starting at $ 1500 and then declined to $ 1.000, again with little commercial success.
Other devices principles: 19761999
The Lumaphone was developed and distributed by Atari and Mitsubishi in 1985. The project was initiated by the Atari video game division Ataritel company in 1983 under the direction of Atari Steve Bristow. Atari later sold its Mitsubishi in 1984. Lumaphone L 'was marketed by Mitsubishi Electric U.S. in 1986 as the Luma LU-1000. As in the photo of Bell Telephone Labs, "very soon the transfer of 1956, would transmit images every 35 seconds over analog POTS lines, and can also be connected to a regular TV or computer monitor to improve teleconferencing. A video image was the largest available, optional connection Visit it LU-500 screen.
Intellect (1993): It was almost a headset wireless fixed images and not live video-clip transfer
The intellect was a mole, or videophone prototype wireless. E 'was developed in 1993 by inventor Daniel A. Henderson, containing still images and video clips do not live transfers. The pioneering system and device are designed to receive Images and video data sent from a sender to a message center transmission and display of a mobile device like a cell phone.
Intellect is essentially a telephone receiver with a large black and white screen that can display still images and video clips downloaded from a remote computer through a wireless transmitter. The data transfer protocols pioneered the design Intellect distributed with common camera phones released in the decade 2000. However, the full integration of mobile phone, digital camera and wireless transmission infrastructure will require a few more years to complete. The 'prototypes were donated to the Smithsonian National Museum of American History in 2007.
general lack of public acceptance
In this section is called "lack of acceptance by the general public" is missing citations or needs known. Please help add online dating to avoid copyright violations and inaccurate data. (December 2009)
AT & T soon PicturePhone has few users, partly because the service is relatively expensive, about U.S. $ 90 per month in 1974. However, as modern technology has reduced costs at their nominal value (see: webcam and UMTS), video calling has continued to be used marginally. This contrasts with many views early and too optimistic that video telephony would become ubiquitous.
One reason may be that even today is an analog video telephoning the poor face to face conversation. users of mobile phone video also tend to look a video screen and not the camera, causing the eyes to have a natural look awkward as the camera is usually placed just off the screen in most Cell videocalling enabled.
Another reason may be that people least desire to be faithful in their communication, as evidenced by the popularity of the conversation written (ie, SMS and instant messaging, which are usually available on all mobile phone video and chat programs.)
Even if you could also argue that for users who would benefit greatly from videoconferencing services (eg family members who live far and can have a strong desire, but few opportunities for face to face conversations), the costs are still prohibitive, especially for video phone calls: a cost solution for calls of this type (for example, Hutchison 3, Skype-enabled mobile phones) apply only to a handful of countries such as the end of 2008.
Current use
The ultimate in downsizing: a mobile video call between Sweden and Singapore Manufactured by Sony-Ericsson K800
The increased deployment of video telephony is now the case of mobile phones, as almost all phones that support UMTS networks able to work as videophones with its inner chambers, and are able to make the video wirelessly to other UMTS users in the same country or abroad. [Citation needed] Since the second quarter of 2007, more than 131 million UMTS users (and potential users of video phones) in 134 networks in 59 countries. [Citation needed]
Videophones are increasingly used in the provision of telemedicine for the elderly and those in remote locations, where the ease and convenience for quick diagnostic services physician and consultation are immediately obvious. Only in one case cited in 2006: "A clinic before the start of Letham has received positive feedback on a test a video link-60 which allowed the retirees to be assessed by doctors without having to travel to the office of a doctor or medical clinic. "Another improvement in services Telemedicine has been the development of new technologies incorporated in special phones for remote diagnostic services, such as sugar in the blood, blood pressure and vital signs monitoring. These units are capable of transmitting audio and video through regular medical data in both standard (POTS) lines or newer of broadband voice.
Video telephony has also been distributed teleconferencing company, including through the use of public access videoconferencing rooms. More video conferencing high level of use of advanced telecommunications and high-resolution screen is called telepresence.
Today, the principles, if not the precise mechanism of a videophone are employed by many users around the world in the form of a video camera using a personal computer with cheap cameras, microphones and freeware Web videocalling customer. Therefore a task has been disappointing as a separate service found a niche as a minor feature of software products intended for other purposes.
A videophone ® also can be created using an old computer or low-cost, dedicated to function as a virtual phone video. [Citation needed] This indicates that some users want to use with conventional phones, but is likely to trade ease of use to reduce costs.
Some have argued that unless conventional videophones low-cost high-value, and while less expensive alternatives (as webphone) are available, it is likely that popular dedicated videophones. [Citation needed]
communication of sign language through video telephony
News: Video Relay Service, a telecommunications service the deaf, hearing impairment and visual disability word (silence) people to communicate with the hearing of a person in a different place and Remote Interpreting video is used when the deaf / hard of hearing / people move in the same place as their parties at the hearing
Video Artist sign used for VRS / VRI workplaces
One of the earliest manifestations of telecommunications capabilities to help users of sign language to communicate with each other occurred when AT & T videoconferencing (trademarked as "PicturePhone ') was presented to the public in New York World's Fair of 1964, the deaf could communicate freely among themselves, between the exhibition and another city. Several organizations have conducted research on the signing of video telephony.
Videophones are used by the deaf, hard of hearing and speech to communicate with sign language, both among themselves and with the interviewees. In the United States Federal Communications Commission to compensate companies for Video Relay Services "for people with deaf, hearing and language difficulties motor. These people can use a video to talk to others through a sign language interpreter, using a traditional telephone, while to communicate with the deaf party. Many other countries also offer video transmission and remote interpretation services for the deaf.
Videophones are used to make on-site sign language translation via Video Remote Interpreting (VRI). The relatively low cost and the spread of mobile UMTS mobile phones with video capability have given new possibilities for deaf people to communicate as easily as others, with some operators Since mobile telephony is also free gateway sign language. [Citation needed]
A deaf and mute a video relay service to communicate with a person listener
Sign language interpretation services via Video Remote Interpreting (VRI) and Video Relay Service (VRS) are useful in the present, when one party is deaf, hard of hearing or speech (Silence). In such cases, the flow is generally interpreted in the same primary language, like French Sign Language (FSL), speaks French, Spanish Sign Language (SSL) to spoken Spanish, British Sign Language (BSL) and spoken English language American Sign Language (ASL) for the English spoken (by the BSL and ASL are completely different), etc. These activities involve a significant commitment by the translator, as the different sign languages are natural languages with their own construction and syntax, different from the phonetic version of the same primary language.
The video interpretation, sign language interpreters to work remotely with live audio and video feed, so the interpreter can see the part that is deaf or dumb, and talk with the party at the hearing, and vice versa. As telephone interpreting, video interpreting can be used in situations where interpreters are not available on the site. However, video performance can not be used for situations in which all parties are on the phone itself. interpretation VRI and VRS requires that all parties have the necessary equipment. Some interpreters advanced equipment allows to control remote video camera to zoom the camera or point in the party who signed.
For more information: Sign Language and language interpretation
Technology
Band width
See also: Broadband Internet
Videophones have historically used a variety of bandwidth transmission and reception, which can be understood as a data transmission speed. The lower the transmission / reception bandwidth, lower data transfer speed, resulting in more limited image quality and poor. data transfer speed and quality of live video images are linked, but are also subject to other factors such as data compression techniques. Some camera phones first took a long, low speed data transmission with a video quality wrong.
bandwidth at high speed is often called "high speed" as it usually has a high rate of data transmission. In general, any connection of 256 kbit / s (0.256 Mbit / s) or greater is considered more concisely broadband Internet. The International Union Telecommunication Standardization (ITU-T) recommendation I.113 ITU defines broadband as a transmission capacity of 1.5 to 2 Mbit / s. The U.S. Federal Communications Commission's definition of broadband is 768 kbit / s (0.8 Mbit / s).
Today, videos adequate for some purposes it is possible at data rates lower than the definition of broadband ITU-T, with rates of 768 kbit / s and 384 kbit / s used for some video conferencing applications and the rate of 100 kbits per second, used for videophones using the protocol H.264/MPEG-4 AVC compression. The 'new MPEG-4 video and audio compression format capable of delivering high quality video at 2 Mbit / s, which is at the lower end of the cable modem and ADSL performance broadband. [Citation needed]
PicturePhone technology
Deutsche Telekom T-View 100 type video ISDN is designed for home offices and small businesses with a lens cover that can be turned up to ensure privacy when needed
The width of PicturePhone video bandwidth was 1 MHz with a vertical scanning frequency of 30 Hz, horizontal scan rate of 8 kHz, and about 250 visible scan lines. [Citation needed] The team includes a mobile phone hands-free speakerphone, with a check box added to the transmission of images. Each PicturePhone line used three pairs of standard telephone cable, two pairs of video and one for audio and signaling. Cable amplifiers were spaced about a mile (1.6 kilometers) with a filter function adjustable six-band equalizer. For distances longer than a few kilometers, the signal was digitized at 2 MHz and 3 bits per sample DPCM, and transmitted via a T-2 carrier. [Citation needed]
The original system used PicturePhone contemporary cross and multi-frequency operation. And there were six lines of wire, one pair in each direction for video and audio of the pair of two-way. MF address signaling for the pair was integrated signal Audio from a video surveillance (VSS) looping around on the patio of continuous video. More complex protocols were later adopted by the conference. [Citation needed]
To implement the crossbar switching service PicturePhone broadband has designed and installed in the offices of Bell 5XB switch system, where the species more widespread than the relatively modern. [Citation needed] Hundreds of technicians attended schools to learn to use the cable equalizer Test Set and other equipment, and install Picturephone.
AT & T later sold the Videophone 2500 to the general public 1992-1995. [Citation needed] E 'was limited by the speed dial analog line of about 19 kilobits per second, the video part of the 11,200 bit / s, with a maximum speed of 10 frames per second, but generally much lower. The VideoPhone 2500 used proprietary protocols. [Citation needed]
Call setup
Videoconferencing in the 20 th century was limited to the H.323 protocol (In particular the implementation of Cisco SCCP was an exception), but often use new SIP phones, which is often easier to create network environments domestic. [Citation needed] H.323 is still used, but more often for video conferencing company, while SIP is more commonly used in personal video phones for the market. A number of call setup based methods such as instant messaging protocols now offer Skype video images. The main open source SIP systems CounterPath Corp., which provides support to British Telecom, Deutsche Telekom, Sprint, Telmex, AT & T CallVantage, Unified Communications and Cisco Systems and Verizon. [Citation needed]
Another protocol used by videophones is H.324, which blends the call setup and compression video. Videophones that work on regular phone lines typically use H.324, but the bandwidth is limited by the modem of 33 kbit / s, which limits the video quality and frame rate. Slightly Modified H.324 called 3G-324M defined by 3GPP is also used by some mobile phones that lets you video calls, typically for use only in UMTS networks. [Quote] Need
There are also standard H.320, which specifies the technical requirements telephone systems for narrow-band visual terminal equipment, typically for videoconferencing and videophone. E 'applied mainly devoted to the network circuit switched (point to point) connections bandwidth of moderate or high, such as through the half-bandwidth ISDN digital telephony protocol or a large fractional bandwidth of T1 lines. Modern products based on the H.320 standard typically also compatible with the H.323 standard.
Videophones culture People
In many science fiction movies and TV shows that are fixed in the future, videophones are used as the primary method of communication. One of the first film that uses a videophone was Fritz Lang's Metropolis. Other famous examples of videophones include 2001: A Space Odyssey, Space 1999, Star Trek, Total Recall and Blade Runner. It should be noted that videoconferencing has been a staple of everyday technology in the futuristic cartoon Hanna Barbera, The Jetsons.
In the literature of science fiction, Other names used in various ways to include video conferencing, videophone and visiphone.
A videophone appeared in the 1944 Warner Bros. cartoon, "Lucas Plano", in which the female spy Hatta Mari used a video to communicate with Adolph Hitler.
In the cartoon Dangermouse United Kingdom, where the title character regularly communicated with headquarters via videophones both your home and car.
A device with the same functionality that was used by the cartoon character Dick Tracy since 1964. Called the "2-way TV the wrist ", the fictional detective often uses the telephone to communicate with police headquarters.
AT & T VideoPhone 2500 prototypes visible in the movie Gremlins 2: The New Batch.
In the Futurama animated television, videoconferencing is often used in the service delivery of the spacecraft.
Videophones are sometimes used in the Pokémon anime.
A "PicturePhone" is used in the Simpsons episode "Lisa's Wedding."
The singer Beyonce Knowles has released a single phone call video from your 2008 album "I Am … Sasha Fierce"
Popular U.S. TV Oprah's talk show Winfrey, host of video telephony built into his television regularly since May 21, 2009, with an initial bet called "If Skype is you? "As part of a commercial agreement related to the telecommunications company Skype.
See also
3GP
Camera phone
Information Appliance
List of video telecommunications services and brands
Media Phone
Mobile
VoIP Mobile
Smartphone
Teleconference
Telephonoscope
Telepresence
Telerehabilitation
Distance learning
TokBox
Videoconferencing
Video telephony and parents article
Webcam
References
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^ Http: / / www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=video&searchmode=none Ab Video] definition, Online Etymology Dictionary
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Read more
Schnaars, Steve; Wymbs, Cliff. On persistence History weak demand for phone video, technology forecasting and Social Change, March 2004, vol.71, No. 3, pp 197-216. DOI: 10.1016/S0040-1625 (02) 00410-9. Visible through ScienceDirect.com (subscription).
Stevenson Bacon, W. "PicturePhone amazing new: a step toward in-person visits," the scientific study, June 1968, pp 4647, Google Book Search.
Search for video phone in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Wikipedia has more photos From video
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