Games By James Moa
Dec/090
M1 Carbine
Development history
Limitations in the U.S. arsenal arms
During 1920, the U.S. military was looking for a semi-automatic rifle in a slightly more manageable size to replace the M1903 bolt-action rifle cameras for the same powerful .30-06 Springfield standard round used in the bar and the M1917/M1919 machine guns. U.S. Army Ordnance tested in competition rifles semiautomatic designed by Juan C. Garand, John T. Thompson s' Auto-Ordnance Corp. and John D. Pedersen. After acceptance of the Garand rifle, designed by .276 cartridge chamber Pedersen, took the decision to keep the round from 0.30 to 06 with the aim of simplifying logistics. Standardized in 1936, from 0.30 to 06 M1 rifle about one pound heavier than the M1903 was replaced.
A U.S. M1 rifle Navy on Guam, 1944.
A Saginaw M1 carbine, made in Grand Rapids, Michigan, used by Marines in the Pacific theater in World War II.
For many soldiers who specialize in service in the rapidly evolving modern U.S. Army before the Second World War, the infantry rifle as individual weapon large has proven unworkable. This led to an increasing proportion of the troops of service (truck drivers, delivery personnel, paging, and linesmen) as well as some specialists frontline troops who may need a more manageable weapon (paratroopers, officers, forward observers, doctors, engineers and mortar teams). During the years of war before the war and the beginning of the field, it was observed that these troops, when he threw the pistol, which often find their only weapon too heavy and bulky. In addition to barriers to mobility the soldier, a rifle slung often caught in the brush, hit the town, or stand on eyes. Many found rifles of the soldiers slipped out of his shoulder less diagonal strap on the back, which prevented the use of standard field packs and backpacks. Substitute weapons such as the M1911 and M1917 pistol revolver, while certainly desirable, they were often inaccurate or powerful. The Thompson submachine gun was very effective in close range combat, but heavy, limited effective (50-75 meters) and penetration, and significantly easier to carry or maintain, with the service rifle.
U.S. Army Ordnance decided that a new weapon was needed for these other roles, but has stated that a weapon of non-combat troops should add no more five pounds for the load of existing equipment. The requirement that the new firearm called for a defensive weapon, with an effective range of 300 meters, much lighter and easy to handle more of the rifle with greater range, firepower, and accuracy of the weapon while half the weight of the gun.
The design of the M1 Carbine
In 1938, the head of the infantry has instructed the Ordnance Department develop a "gun" or rifle, even though the formal requirements for the type of weapon was not adopted until 1940. This has led to a competition in 1941 by major U.S. companies and designers firearms. The prototypes of the U.S. M1 carbine were on camera for a new cartridge, the .30 rifle, a smaller and lighter .30 caliber (7.62 mm) round very different of .30 – '06 Both the design and performance. The .30 Carbine cartridge was intermediate muzzle energy (ME) and the initial velocity (MV). In essence, a free version framework of the obsolete .32 Winchester Self-loading cartridge, the .30 rifle had a round tip 110 gr (7.1 g) bullet. From the M1 carbine 18 (460 mm) per barrel, the .30 Carbine cartridge produced an initial speed of about 1970 m / s (600 m / s).
Winchester in the first place has not submitted a design, as was used for the development of the M2 .30-06 Winchester rifle military. The rifle originated as a project of Jonathan "Ed" Browning, brother of the famous designer John Browning guns. A couple of months after Ed Browning's death in May 1939, Winchester hired ex-convict David M. "Carbine" Williams, an assassin convicted and former smuggler who had started work on a gas piston design of short-haul, while serving a prison sentence. (This story was unlikely that the free base of the 1952 film Carbine Williams starring James Stewart). Winchester was hoping Williams would be able to complete several designs left unfinished by Ed Browning. Williams insisted on the inclusion of short-stroke piston in the existing design. After the tests of the Marine Corps rifle semi-automatic in 1940, Browning Folding rear bolt design was unreliable in sandy conditions. As a result, the gun has been redesigned to incorporate a pin Garand swivel style bar operation. In May 1941, the M2 rifle prototype had been shaved by about 9.5 pounds (4.3 kg) in just 7.5 lbs (3.4 kg).
From prototype to completion
Winchester contact the Ordnance Department to examine his rifle design. Artillery believes the project could be reduced to a carbine which weighed 4.5 to 4.75 lbs (2.02.2 kg). In response, the greater Ren Studler rifle called a prototype as soon as possible. The first model was developed in Winchester in 13 days by William C. Roemer, Fred Humeston Winchester engineers and three others under the supervision of Edwin Pugsley, in essence, Williams the latest version of the M2 .30-06 reduced to 0.30 SL cartridge. This prototype mosaic met with the trigger and keeping a locksmith and M1905 Winchester rifle a modified version of the Garand operating rod. The prototype was an instant hit with Army observers.
81 mm mortar crew in action at Camp Carson, Colorado, April 24, 1943. The soldier on the left has a tapestry M1 carbine.
After initial testing of the Army in August 1941, the design team began to develop Winchester A more refined version. Williams participated in the finishing this test prototypes. 'S second prototype competed successfully against other carbine candidates in September 1941, and Winchester was notified of the month following victory. Standardization as the M1 Carbine was adopted October 22, 1941. Contrary to popular myth, Williams had little to do with the development of the rifle, except of his plan for a short stroke gas piston. As a matter of fact, Williams went on to create their own drawing apart from the other Winchester staff. Carbine Williams final design was "not ready for testing until December 1941, two months after the Winchester M1 Carbine had been adopted and the kind of classified. Nothing design features William reinforcements joined later M1 production. The project supervisor of a Winchester rifle, Edwin Pugsley, Williams acknowledged that "final draft" was a foretaste of what has been agreed, but noted that Williams decision to go was just a different obstacle to the project. On the other hand, in a statement in response to a possible cause of Williams, in 1951 Winchester noted its patent for Short stroke had been improperly granted as a prior patent covering the same operating principle has been overlooked in the patent office.
Another stimulus for the rapid development of rifle was a concern in the German paratroopers and glider forces to infiltrate and attack strategic points in the rear, forcing support units and line forces in combat with enemy communications. Tankers, drivers, teams of artillery, mortars and other personal equipment to be issued M1 carbine instead of the larger, heavier M1 rifle. Belatedly, a folding stock version of the M1 Carbine was developed after a request was made arm by a compact and light infantry to airborne troops. The first M1 Carbines were delivered in mid 1942, with initial priority given to troops in the European theater operations.
Combat consumption
World War II
M1 carbine with reduced power 0.30 cartridge was not originally intended to serve as the main weapon of infantry combat, nor was it comparable to developed assault rifles more powerful at the end of the conflict. However, the rifle was widely published before the U.S. paratroopers and infantry officers, noncommissioned officers, ammunition clips, artillery forward observers, and other frontline troops. His reputation as a frontline combat mixed. Some soldiers and Marines, especially those who were not able to use a large rifle as their primary weapon, preferred the Garand rifle, due to its small size and light weight of the weapon.
The rifle earned generally high praise for the airborne troops in the early stages of the war that were published in the M1A1 folding stock, although negative reports have begun to emerge with air operations in Sicily in 1943, and increased during autumn and winter of 1944.
Soldiers in theater Pacific and guerrilla forces operating in heavy jungle with only the occasional enemy contact generally praised the gun for its combination of lightness, short duration in general, and accuracy at close range. The rifle ammunition for the exclusive use of anti-corrosive primer was found to be a godsend by troops and workers artifact of services in the Pacific, where barrel corrosion was a significant problem with 0.30 to 06 weapons like the M1 Garand rifle and the bar, but not to the same extent in Europe, where some soldiers reported misfires attributed to weak non-corrosive primer. Other soldiers and Marines involved in frequent shootouts every day (especially the service in the Philippines) has found the weapon to have enough stopping power and penetration. Reports of the failure of the gun to detain enemy soldiers, sometimes after multiple hits, appeared in a single post-intervention reports, assessments of the war, and stories of the U.S. service Army and U.S. Marine Corps. Aware of these shortcomings, the American Army, the Pacific Command staff artillery and small arms plant Aberdeen continued work on the short version of Garand throughout the war, although none were ever officially adopted.
Some soldiers also found the .30 Carbine cartridge incapable of penetrating small trees and light cover, even if it was greater than 0.45 caliber weapons like the Thompson Reising machine guns on the accuracy and penetration. Lt. Col. John George, an expert in small arms and official intelligence service in Burma with Merrill Marauders, reported that the .30 rifle bullet could easily penetrate the front and rear steel helmets, so as bulletproof vests used by Japanese forces in the time.
Variants
Initially, the M1 Carbine was designed to be capable of selective fire, but decided to put the M1 to the production without this feature. fully automatic capability was incorporated into the design of the M2 (An improved version and selective fire M1), introduced in 1944. Parts Kit T17 and T18 has allowed the conversion to semi-automatic M1 Carbine configuration M2 selective fire.
The M3 rifle (a selective-fire M2 with infrared vision or night Sniperscope M1) has been used in combat by army units during the invasion of Okinawa. For the first time, U.S. soldiers had a weapon that has enabled visually identify infiltrate Japanese lines U.S. at night, even in the dark. A team of two or three soldiers were used to operate the gun and provide support. At night, the scope could be used to detect the Japanese patrol and assault units to move forward. At that time, the operator triggers a burst of automatic fire to color images green of the enemy soldiers. The M1 M3 with an effective range of about 70 meters (limited by visual acuity of vision). Fog and rain further reduced the range effective weapon. It is estimated that 30% of Japanese casualties caused by gunshots and a rifle during the Okinawa campaign were caused by Sniperscope M3 and M1 rifle.
Korean War
The M2 Carbine continued use during the Korean War. The weapon appears selective fire switch that allows the fire Optional fully automatic high speed (850 to 900 rpm / min) and a magazine of 30 rounds. The M3 M2 rifle with a better (later, M3) infrared Sniperscope also returned to fight, and was used mainly during the static phases of the war against the night infiltrators. The M3 with the M3 had a better night view large effective about 125 meters.
In Korea, all versions of the rifle soon acquired a reputation for jamming in extreme cold, then Blowback again inadequate and weak performance springs. A U.S. Army official 1951 evaluation of the results of the battle after reports individual action of the deficiencies noted in the cold climate of weapons, and the complaints registered by the troops do not stop using heavy equipment or loads of troops North Korea and China at close range after multiple hits.
Vietnam
M2 carbine was again issued to some U.S. troops in Vietnam, particularly reconnaissance units (LRRP) and advisors as a substitute standard weapon. These weapons began to be replaced by the M14 in early 1960, which in turn was replaced by the M16 in late 1960 and many carbines M1, M2 and M3 gave the South Vietnamese. Some were captured later at various points of conflict in the Vietcong, who at least once removed from the M1A1 rifle folding stock and adapted to other weapons.
The M1/M2 and the M14 rifle was eventually replaced by the M16 in mid-1960. M1/M2/M3 rifles were produced stronger family of U.S. military weapons for several decades, most of them is the M1 version.
Design and operation
A U.S. tank crew in combat in the Netherlands, November 4, 1944. The soldier on the far right is holding an M1 carbine
The M1 carbine rifle bolt mechanism is similar to M1, even if the rifle has a different system and trigger mechanism design. The gas system is a lightweight pusher and gas positions. Initially driven by a review of all 15, a magazine of the year 30 was introduced for the M2.
Carbines very first, those made before mid-1943, were originally equipped with a stripper in "V-cut" to remove the round fired from the room. The design of "V-cut turns out to be inaccurate and unreliable. In the "V-cut" extractors were rectified to a configuration of the law, which have improved reliability, production at the factory until it was able to provide the best design.
The .30 Carbine cartridge was intermediate, both in face of energy (EM) and the initial velocity (MV). This is essentially a rimless version of the cartridge obsolete .32 Winchester Self-Loading. The rifle .30 Had a round nose 110 gr (7.1 g) the list, in contrast to Spitzer bullet designs found in most rifle cartridges on high power. From M1 Carbine 18 (460 mm) per barrel, the .30 Carbine cartridge produced an initial speed of about 1970 m / s (600 m / s) a fee of between contemporary submachine guns (Approximately 900 to 1,600 m / s (300.500 m / s)) and power rifles and light machine guns (about 2,400 to 2,800 m / s (700.900 m / s)). The M1 Carbine, scope within 300 m of effective action (270 m), its bullet has about the same energy as the pistol shots to the face of 7 mm Nambu. bullet drop is significantly in the last 200 meters (180 m).
One characteristic of 0.30 Rifle ammo is that since the start of production, non-corrosive primers have been specified. This was the first major use of this manual for military firearms. Since the weapon was a closed system of gas, usually assembled, primers corrosive would have led to a rapid deterioration of the gas. The use of non-corrosive primers was a novelty to service ammunition at this time. Some misfire reported in a bag at the beginning of 0.30 rifle ammunition, which is attributed to moisture penetration, anti-corrosive primer compound.
Categorizing the M1 Carbine series has been the subject of much debate. The M1 is sufficiently accurate at short distances. At 100 feet (91 m), is able to provide groups 3 and 5 minutes of angle, sufficient for its intended use as a series of defensive weapons. Its muzzle energy and range are beyond those of any gun period even if your ball is much lighter in weight and a diameter of less than 0.45 caliber weapons, and much less powerful than those of other service rifles of the time. Then M1 and M2 carbines were not designed to be assault rifles, such as German and Russian AK-47 StG44 after, .30 rifle cartridges and offers a speed significantly to mouth (about 350 m / s (110 m / s)) for both. In addition, the bullets used in AK-47 cartridges and drawings StG44 Spitzer, and suffer less loss energy and trajectory drop at a distance beyond 100 meters. Most authorities list the effective delivery of combat rifle of the M1 at about 200 meters compared with 250 to 300 meters (230 270 m) for the AK-47 and StG44.
Attachments
A U.S. Marina with an M1 rifle in the Battle of Iwo Jima in February 1945. M8 grenade launcher can be seen attached to the muzzle of the gun
M1 carbine L 'was used with the M8 grenade that was fired with 22 mm cartridge M6 to launch rifle grenades. It also accepts the M4 bayonet, which was based on M3 knife. The M4 bayonet was the basis for the M6 and M7 bayonet knife. The rifle has been modified from its original design to incorporate a bayonet, because of the demands of sector. Very few rifles with bayonet lugs reached the first line before the end of the Second World War. This change was made in almost all the rifles in the reconstruction array after the Second World War. At the time of the Korean War began, the bayonet-equipped M1 was a common issue. And 'now not uncommon equipped with a bayonet M1 carbine original in July. As rifles were refurbished in the arsenals, the parties and the magazine catch, rear sight, the band lug barrel bayonet, and football have been updated with the parties in the process of emission standards, usually share as redesigned M2 carbine. EAD.
During the Second World War, the T23 flash hider was developed, which could reduce flash, was developed by a predecessor to the Garand.
Production and use of foreign
A total of more than 6 million M1 rifles of various models were produced, making it the most small arms produced by the U.S. Army during the Second World War. Despite being designed by Winchester, the great majority of these were made by other companies (see list of military contractors below). The largest producer is the internal division of General Motors, but many others were made by contractors as diverse IBM, Underwood Typewriter Company, and the company's jukebox Rock-Ola. A few entrepreneurs were all parts for rifles bears his name: Some manufacturers of parts acquired by other large contractors or outsource parts of less importance to enterprises, such as firearms or artillery Auto Marlin. Parties all leaders had to be interchangeable. Irwin-Pedersen models had the least number of products, just over 4,000. Many carbines were refurbished at various arsenals after the war, guns with interchangeable parts original creator. real production rifles intact war, then, are the most desirable for collectors.
The SAS 'uses the M1 Carbine and M1A1 after 1943. The weapon is taken into use simply because the decision had been taken by the Allied authorities to supply weapons to the people of the U.S. .30 caliber in the weapons containers dropped to resistance groups sponsored by a state enterprise, or later also the Office of Strategic Services (OSS), organizer, on the assumption that groups are always operating in areas within the operating limits U.S. forces involved in Operation Overlord. [Citation needed] have proved adequate for the type of operation of the two two one British French Belgium Regiment conducted. It was on hand with a single parachute, and, moreover, could easily be placed in a jeep running. These weapons are still still used in the Malayan Emergency. Other specialized units of intelligence collection, for example, 30 Assault Unit sponsored by the British Naval Intelligence Division Admiralty, which operated throughout the area of allied operations, also made use of this weapon. [Citation needed]
A small number captured rifles were used by German forces in World War II, especially after D-Day. The appointment of the German guns were captured Selbstladekarabiner 455 (a). L '"(a)" wine country name in German, in which case, Amerika.
A variation was occurred shortly after the Second World War by the Japanese manufacturer Howa Machinery, under U.S. supervision. These were issued to all branches of the Armed Forces Defense of Japan, and a large number of them have found their way to Southeast Asia during the Vietnam War.
Numerous examples have been produced and used by Israeli special forces based Palmach the 1948 war between Arabs and Israelis. Due to its compact size and features semi-automatic, were given to companies in recognition of Israel Defense Forces.
E 'was also used by police and the border guard in Bavaria after the Second World War and 1950. The guns are printed according to the branch were in service, such as those used by the guard borders were sealed "Bundesgrenzschutz. Some of these weapons have been modified with different objectives, finishes, and sometimes new barrels.
After the Korean War, the rifle has been widely exported to U.S. allies and client states (like South Korea, Taiwan and other European allies), and used as a weapon of choice in the old Vietnam. The M1 Carbine was also issued by the Korean army and Israeli police forces.
L 'M1A1 was used even by French paratroopers (as the 1st PCR) during the 1954-1962 Algerian war.
The Field Police Royal Malaysian Police, along with other units of the British Malayan Emergency, published two patrols of the jungle and the M2 Carbine outpost of defense. The Royal Ulster Police also used the M1 carbine.
Current Military
Police Israel still uses the M1 carbine, a gun to the standard out of action long Mash'az and volunteers. During the decade of 1990, the police began to issue a variation called Magal Micro Galil rifle chambers .30, but after several serious disorders, who pulled the weapon from service in 2001.
In Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, a police battalion named BOPE (Batalha Policiais Especiais Opera, or Operations Battalion Special Police ") still uses the M1 carbine.
The Philippine government still issues M1 carbines for soldiers Philippine army in the [citation needed] Infantry Division assigned to the island of Luzon (some are only issued M14 automatic rifles and M1 carbines) and organizations civil or Auxiliary Forces Geographical Unit (CAFGU) and civil society volunteers (CVO) spread throughout the Philippine archipelago. Some units of the provincial police Philippine National Police (PNP), the government continues to use issued M1 rifles, and some units of the National Bureau of Investigation (NBI). In some provinces Philippines, as Cavite, Batangas and Pangasinan, M1 carbines are still very popular for many people, not nostalgic or historical reasons, but as the weapon of choice for ambushcades use in the case of a fight. New People's Army elements and Islamic secession value the rifle as a light weapons and the preferred choice for operation of the mountain and ambush operations. M1 carbine in a way have become one of the weapons known in Philippine society, with the Philippines Marikina City from ARMSCOR still ongoing for the production of 0.30 caliber ammunition Philippines made to the Philippine market.
User
This section needs additional references for verification.
Please help improve this article by adding references reliable. reference material may be challenged and removed. (December 2009)
Allied World War II (1940)
Austria (1950s70s, the Austrian army and police)
Bavaria (1950 1945arly, the border guards)
Brazil (present, BOPE)
Cambodia (19671975)
Ethiopia
France (1954-1962, Algerian War)
Germany (German Border Guard, police and paratroopers Some German Army (1950-1960)
Greece (Greece (Greek) Air Force until the mid-80)
Israel (19451957, the Israeli army, police 1970sresent, Israel; 1974resent, the Guardia Civil)
Italy (Carabinieri, a from 1992)
Japan (National Police Reserve) (from 1,950 to 1.989)
Liberia
Mexico (police departments and security forces)
Netherlands (1940-'70, army and police)
Norway (Norwegian Army 1951-1970, with some units of the Norwegian police until 1990)
Philippines (post WWII)
South Korea (1950-Present Force Reserve)
Turkey (used by troops in South Korea)
Suriname (?-Present Army)
South Vietnam (1960s70s)
Taiwan (Republic of China) (1950-present)
Thailand, known locally as 0.87.
Vietnam (lots captured)
United Kingdom
United States (1940s60s/70s, the Armed Forces), and some agencies of law enforcement (1940-present)
Variants
M1A1 Carbine. Paratrooper model with folding stock.
Carbine, Cal .30, M1A1
Folding Stock, 15 rounds magazine
Paratrooper model
Approximately 150,000 products
Originally published Carbine with folding stock M1A1 were carried out on the inside, a division of General Motors. domestic production of M1A1 carbines was sandwiched Continental with a production of M1 rifles with the stock standard. The shares are often marketed as rifles were refurbished in the arsenals. A rifle with an original action M1A1 interior is the original rare today.
Carbine, Cal .30, M1A2
Proposal for a version with a better view of adjustable height and derivation
Product only as a model "overlay" (a new M1 Arsenal back with a new vision and the other late improvements M1)
Carbine, Cal .30, M1A3
actions the pantograph, the magazine of 15 rounds
Standard rate to replace the M1A1, but were not released.
pantograph action was more rigid than the M1A1 football times and bent the front edge.
Carbine, Cal .30, M2
By early 1945
selective fire (capable of fully automatic fire)
30 magazine Cartridges
Approximately 600,000 products
Initially, the M1 Carbine was designed to have selective fire capability, but the decision was made to put the M1 to the production without this feature. full automatic capability was incorporated into the design the M2 (an improved version of the M1 and selective fire) introduced in 1944. The M2 had a wooden stock tested and characterized M1 late improvement in sight rear, a bayonet lug, and other minor changes.
While some factory rifles have been characterized as M2, the only significant difference between M1 and M2 rifle is the fire control group. The military released field conversion kits (T17 and T18) to convert an M1 and M2. (Legally, M2 rifle marking is always a machine gun for the purposes of national gun registration.)
Other changes have been developed for an M2 magazine of 30 rounds, with three capture points (instead of two fifteen-round magazines) catch and a magazine with a third mounting surface. These parts, including M2 line M2 heavier been standardized to rebuild an arsenal of M1 and M1A1 carbines.
(An amendment replaces a round pin flat top of the original bolt to keep the processing stages in production. Many sources incorrectly refer to this pin round as a 'bolt M2 " but was developed as part of the new rules for production and M1 and M2 carbines then as spare parts, priority for use in the M1A1 and M2 carbines. The bolt round a bit heavier moderated the cyclical rhythm of fully automatic M2.)
Carbine, Cal 30, M2A2
Arsenal refurbished model (M2 overprinted)
Carbine, Cal .30, M3
M2 Mounting kit (mounting T3) for a first active (IR) night vision sight.
Approximately 3,000 products.
Three versions of the view at night (M1, M2, M3)
Original USMC Korean War was Sniperscope M3
The rifle was a carbine M2 M3 features a medium designed to accept in order to use infrared night. Was used initially with the view Sniperscope M1, infrared active, and saw action in 1945 with the army during the invasion of Okinawa. Prior to the M1 and M3 carbine Sniperscope classified type is known as the T3 and T120, respectively. The system is developed, and during the Korean War, the rifle was used with M3 M3 Sniperscope.
The M2 Sniperscope extended night effectiveness of the M3 range to 100 meters. In the later stages of the Korean War, an enhanced version of the M3 carbine, with a review of the saddle, a gun to his head, and a new design Sniperscope M3 was used in the later stages of Korea and briefly in Vietnam. The M3 had a large center-mounted active infrared Sniperscope in the upper reaches of the body, allowing the use in the prone position. M3/m3 revised version had an effective range of about 125 meters. Finally, the rifle Sniperscope M3 and M3 would be replaced by fields of passive design of night vision extended visible range, the best effects in turn requires the use of weapons of caliber rifle with a flat trajectory and a higher probability of success.
military contractors
Interior Division, General Motors (production: 2,632,097) only producer of the M1A1 carbine. Receiver marked "CONTINENTAL DIV."
Winchester Repeating Arms (production: 828,059) Receiver marked "Winchester"
Irwin-Pedersen (Managed by Saginaw Steering gear and production, with total including Saginaw)
Saginaw Steering Team of the Division of General Motors (yield: 517,213) Receiver marked "CE Saginaw (370 490) and" Irwin-Pedersen (146 723)
Underwood Elliot Fisher (production: 545,616) Receiver marked "Underwood"
National Postal meter (production: 413,017) Receiver marked "National Post METER
Quality Hardware Manufacturing Corp. (production: 359,666) Receiver marked "QUALITY" HMC "
International Business Machines (production: 346,500) Receiver marked "IBM"
Standard products (production: 247,100) Receiver marked "STD PRO ..
Rock-Ola Manufacturing Corporation (production: 228,500) Receiver marked "Rock-Ola"
Commercial Controls Corporation (yield: 239) Receiver marked "Business Checking"
Commercial copies
Several companies made copies of the M1 Carbine after the Second World War, which varied in quality. Some companies have used a combination of new and original USGI and commercial components, while another brand new set manufactured firearms, which may or may not be as good as the originals. These copies have been sold to the general public and police agencies, but have not been made and used by the U.S. military.
An Auto-Ordnance AOM-130 Carbine manufactured in 2007.
In 1963, firearms designer Melvin M. Johnson has introduced a version M1 carbine called the "Spitfire", which triggered a 5.7 mm (0.22 inch) cartridge known as the Spitfire savage 5.7 mm or 0.22 MMJ. Johnson promoted rifle smaller caliber and modified for use as a weapon for survival in the jungle or in other remote areas. While the concept had some application military when used for this role in the selective-fire M2 Carbine, was not prosecuted and Spitfire these guns are made.
More recently, the Auto-Ordnance division of Kahr Arms began production of a replica of the M1 carbine in 2005. The original Auto-Ordnance had been a series of spare parts IBM during the Second World War but was not producing complete rifles until the introduction of this response. AOM110 and AOM120 models (no longer in production) appears in populations the guards of birch and hand, Parkerized receiver, flip style rear sight and barrel bands without bayonet lugs. The current AOM130 AOM140 models are identical with the exception of American walnut stock and hand guards.
Weapons of the Israeli company (Advanced Combat Systems) Bullpup offers a modernized variant called Hezi SM-1. The company claims that the accuracy of 1.5 MOA at 100 yards (91 m).
Other manufacturers Business includes:
Alpine
Auto-Ordnance (now a subsidiary of Kahr Arms)
Howa rifles and parts for the post World War II, Japanese and Thai armed forces and a limited version of a shotgun
Erma Werke made rifles and parts for the military post-war West Germany, and 0.22 replica rifles for export
Israel Arms International (IAI) in Houston, Texas rifles mounted with pieces from other sources
Artillery National
Texas Armament Co.
Plainfield Machine Co. (later purchased and operated by Iver Johnson)
Universal Firearms – Guns first universal, like other producers, meeting USGI parts. However, since 1968, the company began producing the "new Carbine" resembles externally the M1, but was in fact a completely new internal weapon, using a different receiver, bolt carrier, bolt, mounting spring recovery, etc, almost no exchange with USGI carbines.
Universal has since been acquired by Iver Johnson.
The company Iver Johnson guns produced in the style of Plainfield Machine Co. and the behavior of the Universal to produce a version gun called the "Enforcer."
Hunting and civilian use
Patty Hearst holding M1 rifle during his infamous attempt to rob a bank.
A famous photograph of Malcolm X holding an M1 with two magazines of 30 rounds "Jungle clipped" together.
The M1 Carbine is still in use today by many civilian shooters and police worldwide. The .30 Carbine cartridge is used for a number of types of hunting, including whitetail deer, but too small for the biggest game in America North as elk, moose and bear. Some U.S. states prohibit the use of the cartridge for hunting deer and larger animals, due to a decreased ability to kill an animal at one time, even with expanding bullets. The rifle is banned for hunting in other states like Pennsylvania, because semi-automatic function, and Illinois banning all non-muzzleloading rifles for big game. The rifle and the .30 M1 carbine cartridge are designed to treat the same game with 0.32 and 0.32 to 20 cartridges Winchester Arms Winchester Self-Loading and game of this caliber.
The ease of use and great adaptability of weapons carried for use by Malcolm X (as a tool for self-defense) and Patty Hearst (as a weapon in a bank robbery). Both have been recommended in pictures celebrity news carrying the M1 carbine.
related equipment and accessories
Ammunition types
Main article: 0.30 rifle
The ammunition used by the military rifle includes:
Cartridge, .30 caliber, Carbine, Ball, M1
Cartridges, grenades, .30 caliber, M6 (also allowed for other uses blank because the lack of a dedicated empty cartridge)
Cartridge, .30 caliber rifles, Dummy, M13
Cartridge, .30 caliber, Carbine, Ball, test, high pressure, M18
Cartridge, caliber .30, Carbine, Tracer, M16 (also classified as having an incendiary effect)
Cartridge, .30 caliber, Carbine, Tracer, M27 (dimmers and no incendiary effect)
References
Notes
^ Julian S. Hatcher, notebook Hatcher, Military Service Publishing Co., 1947
HB ^ Walter Smith, rifles, military service Publishing Co., 1948.
^ Larry Ruth, M1 Carbine: Design, Development and Production (The Gun Room Press, 1979, ISBN 088227-020-6) contains many documents on the specifications artillery "Light Rifle", which led to the M1 carbine
Abc ^ Canfield, Bruce N., armas'''Williams: Myth and Reality ", American Rifleman, February 2009.
^ Bishop, Chris (1998), The Encyclopedia of Weapons of World War II, New York: Orbis Kempten, Germany Ltd, ISBN 0-7607-1022-8.
^ Weeks, John, World War II small arms, Editorial Orbis (1979), p. 130
ab ^ George, John, shot in Anger NRA Press (1981), p. 394
Rush ^, S. Roberto, GI: The American infantryman in World War II, Osprey Publishing Ltd. (2003), ISBN 1841767.395000, p. 33: Official 0.45 M1911 pistols were published as individual weapons until 1943, when it issued the M1 carbine instead of a firearm.
^ Rush, Robert S., GI: The U.S. soldier World War II, Osprey Publishing Ltd. (2003), ISBN 1841767.395000, pp 33-35: officers and noncommissioned officers, and other elite troops and aircraft are often allowed to exchange personal artillery to his personal weapon of choice.
^ Shore, C. (CAPT), with the British snipers Reich, Lancer Militaria Press (1988), pp 191-195: men of small stature, as the captain on the ground and the Sergeant Audie Murphy liked the rifle, as the reservation of small size and particular shape.
^ Gavin, James M. (Lieutenant General), War and peace in the Age Space, New York: Harper and Brothers (1958), pp 57, 63: Colonel Gavin M1A1 carbine affair with her ended in Sicily, when his rifle and one of the most Vandervoort jammed repeatedly. Noting that fire rifle bullets rarely punished by the German infantry, he and Vandervoort exchanged with the wounded soldiers M1 rifles and ammunition, Gavin M1 carried a gun for the rest of the war.
^ Burgos, Donald, Seven Roads To Hell, New York: Dell Publishing (1999), pp 0440236.274 153-154000 ISBN: Burgos, a gunner in the 101st Airborne Normandy, the Battle of the Bulge, has seen numerous failures .30 rifle to stop the German soldiers after being beaten.
^ ab shore, C. (CAPT), British sniper the Reich, Lancer Militaria Press (1988), pp 191-195
Ab ^ Dunlap, Roy, artillery was Up Front, Samworth Press (1948), p. 297
^ U.S. Army, Handbook for the Japanese army, flak jackets manual, technical, September 15 1944, ch. X seconds. 4 (b) http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/Japan/IJA/HB/HB-10.html
^ George, John, shot in Anger NRA Press (1981), p. 450
Abcd ^ Rush, Robert S., U.S. infantry in World War II, Osprey Edition (2002), ISBN 1841763.306000, 9781841763309, P.53
Abcd ^ M3 Infrared Night Sight Article
Dill ^, James Winter Yalu Changjin 6:22:00 Journal
Ab ^ SLA Marshall, Commentary on infantry weapons and Korea 1950-1951, before Report ORO-R-13, October 27, 1951, Project Doughboy [Reserved], Operations Research Office (Gold), U. S. Army (1951)
^ Diagram Group (1991), weapons: an international encyclopedia from 5000 BC to 2000 AD, New York: St. Martin's Press, Inc., ISBN 0-312-03950-6.
Ab ^ Barnes, C. Frank, Cartridge World, 6 th ed., DBI Books Inc. (1989), p. 52
^ Dunlap, Roy, artillery was Up Front, Samworth Press (1948), p. 293
^ "Pocket History of the M1 Carbine" – Armory Fulton
^ Donald M. Goldstein, Katherine V. And Michael J. Wenger Dillon, nuts! The Battle of the Bulge, Brassey, 1994, ISBN-0-02-881069-4. Page 75, Table 4-69, captured German film shows German officer armed with an M1 rifle at the Battle of the Bulge, December 1944.
^ Http: / / www.cameron-highland-destination.com/jungle-beat-roy-follows-fort-brooke.html
^ William, and Jack Moran, spearheading the Malaya Grace P. Davies, 1959, p. 239
^ Crawford, Oliver, the door marked Malaya, London: Rupert Hart-Davis (1958), p. 88
^ Central Office of Information English Information Survey of business services in the course of HM Stationary Office 1977
^ Hogg, Ian (1989). Jane's Infantry Weapons 1989-90, 15 th edition. Jane's Information Group. p. 216. ISBN 0710608.896000.
^ Jones, Richard (2009). Jane's Infantry Weapons 2009-2010. Jane's Information Group. p. 898. ISBN 0710628.692000.
^ Larry Ruth, M1 Carbine: Design, Development and Production, Gun Room Press, 1979, p. 173.
^ Canfield, June 2007, p. 37
^ Rock-Ola M1 Carbine
^ The Spitfire shot a 40 grains (2.6 g) bullet with an initial velocity of 2850 m / s (870 m / s) by an energy cannon of 720 foot-pounds force (980 J). Barnes, Frank C. Cartridge World (DBI, 1978), p. 127.
^ Barnes, 1989 edition.
^ "Auto-Ordnance M1 carbines" – self-Ordnance.com
^ "Carbine M1 "- American Rifleman
^ "ACS Hezi SM-1" – SecurityArms.com
^ "Hezi SM-1 upgrade – AdvancedCombat.com
^ "Universal Firearms Corporation – bavarianm1carbines.com
^ Pennsylvania Game Commission – Agency State Wildlife Management: Deer hunting laws and regulations
^ Illinois: Digest hunting and trapping regulations for 2007-2008, "State Deer About" hunting, Illinois Department of Natural Resources, p. 11.
TM-11A13 ^ 1-101 9-1305-200/TO small arms ammunition, 1961, p. 39-41
Sources
This section includes a list of references or external links to related reading, but its origins are unclear, since it lacks online dating. Please improve this article by introducing more precise citations where appropriate. (April 2009)
Barnes, C. Frank, Cartridge World, Inc, DBI Books, 1975, 1978, 1989.
Canfield, Bruce N. (June 2007). A new perspective on life after WWII M1 carbine. Male American Rifle.
Dunlap, Roy F. It was the artillery in front. The Samworth Press, 1948.
George, John (lieutenant colonel), shot in anger, the NRA Press, 1981.
Hufnagl, Wolfdieter. M1 USKarabiner Waffe und Zubehr, Motorbuchverlag, 1994.
IBM Stock
Korea malfunction during the Cold War
Marshall, SLA Commentary on Infantry and Weapons in Korea 1950-51, first Doughboy Project Report ORO-R-13, Report ORO-R-13, October 27, 1951 [Reserved], Office Operations Research (Gold), the U.S. Army (1951)
Shore, C. (CAPT), with snipers on British Reich Lancer Militaria Press (1988)
United States Government. Departments of the Army and Air Force. TM 1-101 9-1305-200/TO ammunition 11A13 weapons. Washington, DC: Department of the Army and Air Force, 1961.
U.S. standard army artillery catalog items. Second edition 1944, Volume III, p. 419
Weeks, John, World War II small arms London: Orbis Publishing SA, and New York: Galahad Books, ISBN 0883654032 (1979)
Worrell, Jessica (2003). "The range of a shotgun." The Physics Factbook. http://hypertextbook.com/facts/2003/JessicaWorrell.shtml.
External Links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to M1 Carbine
U.S. Army M1 Carbine Technical Manual
M1 carbine article
M1 Carbine Family: M1, M1A1, M2, M3
The M1/M2 Carbine Magazine FAQ
Auto-Ordnance M1 Carbine
90th page of the reference manual into Carbine, 1942 FM 23-7 Manual
Page articles with information on adapting the M1 carbine empty
Page M1 carbine modern firearms
VDE
U.S. infantry weapons of the Second World War II and Korea
Weapons
M1917 pistol revolver revolver M1911/M1911A1 Smith & Wesson "Victory"
Shotguns and rifles
M1903 Springfield M1 Garand M1 Carbine M1941 Johnson Rifle BAR M1918
Submachine guns
M1928/M1/M1A1 Thompson ("Tommy Gun ") M3" Grease Gun "Reising M50/M55 United Defense M42
Grenades
MK 2
Shotguns
Winchester Model 1897 Ithaca M37 Winchester Model 1912
machine guns and large
M1919 Browning M1917 Browning M1941 Johnson LMG Browning M2 Bazooka M2 flamethrower
Cartridges
.45 ACP .38 Special .30-06 Springfield .30 Carbine .50 BMG
Categories: 7.62 mm firearms | World War II American infantry weapons | World War II semi-automatic rifles | Cold War infantry weapons | weapons Vietnam War | Korean War infantry weapons | Categories of curiosities and relics firearmsHidden: All articles with unsourced statements Articles with statements without power since April 2007 | | Biographies November 2009 without source | Articles needing additional references from December 2009 | All Articles with unsourced statements | Articles missing text dating from April 2009 | All articles lacking in-text citations
About the Author
I am a professional writer from China Manufacturers, which contains a great deal of information about budweiser mirrors , wooden barrels for sale, welcome to visit!
TAO – Video intervista Natale 2010 @ Carlo Montana Studio
Related posts:
No comments yet.
Leave a comment
No trackbacks yet.
